Name some industries that now focus their attention to produce biotechnology based products.

Name the products produced using traditional biotechnology.

Microbes in Human Welfare : Describe the role of microbes in dairy industry . Write about the production of some of the dairy products.

Name some applications based on Total Internal Reflection.

Diseases in humans can be prevented by administration of vaccines. Vaccines contain inactivated, killed / weakened pathogens that can be used as antigens to provide either permanent or temporary immunity against a specific pathogen or disease. Conventional methods of vaccine preparation include the use of completely or partially killed pathogens. These vaccines however posed a risk of causing disease in case of some persons. Biotechnological techniques provide alternative antigenic genes isolated in the laboratory that can be used to make pure forms of proteins that can be used as antigens to activate the immune system. Recent developments in this field include production of edible vaccines like transgenic potatoes. Consumption of raw potatoes is speculated to develop immunity against the pathogen. These edible vaccines are produced by inserting genes isolated from specific pathogens to produce the antigen in the plants. Based on the given paragraph answer the following questions. What is the disadvantage of transgenic potatoes containing edible vaccines?

Diseases in humans can be prevented by administration of vaccines. Vaccines contain inactivated, killed / weakened pathogens that can be used as antigens to provide either permanent or temporary immunity against a specific pathogen or disease. Conventional methods of vaccine preparation include the use of completely or partially killed pathogens. These vaccines however posed a risk of causing disease in case of some persons. Biotechnological techniques provide alternative antigenic genes isolated in the laboratory that can be used to make pure forms of proteins that can be used as antigens to activate the immune system. Recent developments in this field include production of edible vaccines like transgenic potatoes. Consumption of raw potatoes is speculated to develop immunity against the pathogen. These edible vaccines are produced by inserting genes isolated from specific pathogens to produce the antigen in the plants. Based on the given paragraph answer the following questions. What is the main advantage of vaccines over antibiotics?

Diseases in humans can be prevented by administration of vaccines. Vaccines contain inactivated, killed / weakened pathogens that can be used as antigens to provide either permanent or temporary immunity against a specific pathogen or disease. Conventional methods of vaccine preparation include the use of completely or partially killed pathogens. These vaccines however posed a risk of causing disease in case of some persons. Biotechnological techniques provide alternative antigenic genes isolated in the laboratory that can be used to make pure forms of proteins that can be used as antigens to activate the immune system. Recent developments in this field include production of edible vaccines like transgenic potatoes. Consumption of raw potatoes is speculated to develop immunity against the pathogen. These edible vaccines are produced by inserting genes isolated from specific pathogens to produce the antigen in the plants. Based on the given paragraph answer the following questions. i) How can people immunized with vaccines containing semi-killed pathogens have a risk of contracting a disease?

Name the products obtained by biotechnology for treatment of diseases.

Name some proteins produced by transgenic crop plants.

The combination of biology and production technology based on ....... evolved into modern biotechnology.

Answer the questions based on the reaction. Observe the given reaction and answer the question given below. Name the reactant and the products.