Information about protein synthesis is stored in the DNA. Proteins are synthesized by DNA through RNA. This is also known as the central dogma of life. The nucleotide sequences of the mRNA produced are complementary to the DNA strand that is uded as the template for synthesis. This process of synthesis of RNA from DNA is known as transcription. The code for each amino acid consists of three nucleotides (triplet codon) that are present on the mRNA. The tRNA has an anticodon sequence complementary to the cofon on the mRNA. During translation, the code on mRNA is read nad respective amino acids brought by tRNA are joined together by peptide bonds. Based on the given paragraph, answer the followig question:
i. If 3'-AACGT-5' is a sequence of the template DNA strand, what would be the nucleotide sequence of the corresponding mRNA synthesized from it?
ii. What is the difference in nitrogeneous bases of DNA and RNA?
iii. Which enzyme woud be required for the synthesis of RNA from DNA during transcription?
iv. How many amino acids can the following mRNA sequence code for ?
5'-UUCAGCCGUGUCAUU-3'
v. What is the function of mRNA in translation?

Explanation

i. The corresponding mRNA synthesized from the given template DNA strand would be 5'-UUGCA-3'
ii. In DNA thymine is present whereas in RNA uracil is present instead of thymine.
iii. RNA polymerase is required for the synthesis of RNA from DNA during transcription.
iv. The code for each amino acid consists of three nucleotides (triplet codon). The given mRNA sequence can code for five amino acids as it is made up of five triplet codons.
mRNA carries information for protein synthesis from DNA (present in the nucleus) to ribosome (present in the cell cytoplasm).