What is true in the latest classification of biological kingdoms proposed by Whittaker ?

Options

A. Eukaryotes are assigned to four of the five kingdoms.
B. Fungi are multicellular eukaryotic osmotrophs
C. Viruses are not assigned to any kingdoms
D. All of the above

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Whittaker's Classification**: Robert H. Whittaker proposed a five-kingdom classification system in 1969. This classification is based on three main criteria:
- Complexity of cell structure
- Complexity of organism's body
- Mode of nutrition

2. **Identifying the Five Kingdoms**: The five kingdoms proposed by Whittaker are:
- Monera (prokaryotic organisms)
- Protista (mostly unicellular eukaryotic organisms)
- Fungi (multicellular eukaryotic organisms that are osmotrophic)
- Plantae (multicellular eukaryotic organisms that are autotrophic)
- Animalia (multicellular eukaryotic organisms that are heterotrophic)

3. **Evaluating the Statements**: The question asks what is true in the latest classification by Whittaker. The statements provided are:
- Eukaryotes are assigned to four of the five kingdoms.
- Fungi are multicellular eukaryotic osmotrophs.
- Viruses are not assigned to any of these kingdoms.

4. **Analyzing Each Statement**:
- **First Statement**: True. Eukaryotes are indeed assigned to the kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
- **Second Statement**: True. Fungi, such as mushrooms, are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that obtain nutrients through osmotrophy.
- **Third Statement**: True. Viruses are not classified within any of the five kingdoms as they are considered non-living entities when not inside a host.

5. **Conclusion**: Since all the statements provided are true, the correct answer to the question is that all of the above statements are true in the context of Whittaker's classification.