Vertical transmission of virus in human is through

Options

A. sperms of father
B. placenta of mother
C. both (1) & (2)
D. none of these

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Vertical Transmission**:
- Vertical transmission refers to the transfer of viruses or infections from parents to their offspring. This can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

2. **Identifying the Mechanisms of Transmission**:
- There are two primary mechanisms of vertical transmission in humans:
- **Through the placenta**: This is when a virus is transmitted from the mother to the fetus during pregnancy.
- **Through breastfeeding**: This occurs when a virus is passed from the mother to the infant through breast milk after birth.

3. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Option 1: Father**: This option is incorrect as the father does not directly transmit viruses to the offspring in the context of vertical transmission.
- **Option 2: Placenta of Mother**: This option is correct because it is a known pathway for vertical transmission.
- **Option 3: Both 1st and 2nd**: This option is incorrect since the father does not play a role in vertical transmission.
- **Option 4: None of these**: This option is also incorrect as vertical transmission does occur through the placenta.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The correct answer is **Option 2: Placenta of Mother**. This is the primary route for vertical transmission of viruses in humans.