Shivering characteristic of malaria is caused when

Options

A. schizonts act on reticulo-endothelial cells
B. schizonts enter the RBC
C. signet ring is formed
D. merozoites are liberated with toxin from RBC

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Malaria**: Malaria is a disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.

2. **Life Cycle of Plasmodium**: Once the mosquito bites a human, the Plasmodium enters the bloodstream and first travels to the liver, where it infects liver cells (hepatocytes).

3. **Release of Merozoites**: After multiplying in the liver, the Plasmodium parasite bursts the hepatocytes, releasing merozoites into the bloodstream.

4. **Infection of Red Blood Cells (RBCs)**: The released merozoites then invade red blood cells (RBCs).

5. **Toxin Release**: As the merozoites grow and multiply within the RBCs, they eventually cause the RBCs to rupture. This rupture releases a substance called hemozoin, which is a toxic byproduct.

6. **Shivering and Chills**: The release of hemozoin into the bloodstream triggers a response in the body, leading to symptoms such as chills and shivering. This is a result of the body's immune response to the toxins released during the rupture of the RBCs.

7. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the shivering characteristic of malaria is caused when merozoites are liberated from the RBCs along with the toxin hemozoin.

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