In malaria which of the following toxic chemicals released on rupturing of RBC causes chills and fever in malarial patient ?

Options

A. Haematin
B. Haemozoin
C. Schuffner's granules
D. Hematocrit

Answer

To answer the question regarding which toxic chemical released upon the rupturing of red blood cells (RBC) causes chills and fever in malaria patients, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Cause of Malaria**:
- Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which enters the human body through the bite of an infected mosquito.

2. **Life Cycle of Plasmodium**:
- After entering the bloodstream, the Plasmodium sporozoites travel to the liver, where they multiply.
- Once they mature, they re-enter the bloodstream and invade red blood cells (RBCs).

3. **Rupturing of RBCs**:
- Inside the RBCs, the Plasmodium parasites continue to multiply. Eventually, the infected RBCs rupture, releasing the parasites into the bloodstream.

4. **Toxic Chemicals Released**:
- When the RBCs rupture, they release several substances, including a toxic byproduct known as **hemozoin**.
- Hemozoin is a brown pigment formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin and is known to be toxic to the host.

5. **Symptoms of Malaria**:
- The release of hemozoin into the bloodstream is associated with the symptoms of malaria, particularly chills and fever.

6. **Evaluate the Options**:
- **Hematin**: A compound derived from hemoglobin but not primarily responsible for chills and fever.
- **Hemozoin**: The correct answer, as it is the toxic substance released during RBC rupture that causes chills and fever.
- **Schaffner granules**: Observed in specific types of Plasmodium infections but not related to the symptoms mentioned.
- **Hematocrit**: A measurement of the volume percentage of RBCs in blood, not a toxic substance.

7. **Conclusion**:
- The toxic chemical released on the rupturing of RBCs that causes chills and fever in malaria patients is **hemozoin**.

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is **hemozoin**.

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