Vascular cryptogams and botanical snakes of plant kingdom are

Options

A. pteridophytes
B. tracheophytes
C. angiosperms
D. spermatophytes

Answer

To solve the question regarding vascular cryptogams and their classification in the plant kingdom, we need to analyze the terms involved and the options provided. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown:

### Step 1: Understand the Terms
- **Vascular Cryptogams**: This term refers to plants that have vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) and reproduce via spores instead of seeds. The term "cryptogams" generally refers to non-seed producing plants.

### Step 2: Analyze the Options
1. **Pteridophytes**: These are indeed vascular plants that reproduce by spores. They include ferns, horsetails, and clubmosses. This matches the definition of vascular cryptogams.

2. **Tracheophytes**: This term refers to all vascular plants, which include both seed-producing and non-seed-producing plants. Therefore, it is broader than just vascular cryptogams.

3. **Angiosperms**: These are flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within a fruit. They do not fit the definition of vascular cryptogams since they reproduce by seeds.

4. **Spermatophytes**: This term refers to seed-producing plants, which include both gymnosperms and angiosperms. They do not fit the definition of vascular cryptogams.

### Step 3: Conclusion
From the analysis, the only option that fits the definition of vascular cryptogams is **Pteridophytes**. Therefore, the correct answer is:

**Answer: Option 1 - Pteridophytes**

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