Which is homologous?

Options

A. Leaves of Moss and Selaginella
B. Roots of ferns and moss
C. Endosperm of Pinus and prothallus of Adianlum
D. Pinus endosperm `&` endosperm of Maize

Answer

To determine which of the given options represents homologous organs, we need to first understand the concept of homologous organs. Homologous organs are those that share a similar structure, have a common origin, and perform similar functions.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand Homologous Organs**:
- Homologous organs have a similar structure and origin but may perform different functions. For example, the forelimbs of mammals (like humans and whales) are homologous because they share a common evolutionary origin.

2. **Analyze the Options**:
- **Leaves of moss and Selaginella**: These are not homologous because they belong to different plant groups and have different structures and functions.
- **Roots of ferns and mosses**: While they may serve similar functions (anchoring the plant and absorbing nutrients), they do not share a common origin or structure.
- **Endosperm of Pinus and prothallus of Adiantum**: The endosperm in Pinus serves as a nutritive tissue for the developing embryo, while the prothallus of Adiantum is the gametophyte stage that also provides nutrition. They share a common function related to gametophyte formation and have similar origins in terms of plant development.
- **Endosperm of Pinus and endosperm of maize**: Both are endosperms, but they are not homologous as they come from different plant families and have evolved independently.

3. **Identify the Correct Answer**:
- Based on the analysis, the correct answer is **endosperm of Pinus and prothallus of Adiantum**. They are homologous organs because they share a common function related to the formation of gametophytes and have similar structures.

### Final Answer:
The homologous organs among the given options are the **endosperm of Pinus and prothallus of Adiantum**.