Which one of the following is common to multicellular fungi, filamentous algae and protonema of mosses

Options

A. Members of kingdom plantae
B. Mode of Nutrition
C. Multiplication by fragmentation
D. Diplontic life cycle

Answer

To determine what is common to multicellular fungi, filamentous algae, and the protonema of mosses, we need to analyze the given options one by one:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Groups**:
- Multicellular fungi belong to the kingdom Fungi.
- Filamentous algae belong to the kingdom Protista.
- Protonema of mosses is part of the bryophytes, which belong to the kingdom Plantae.

2. **Evaluate the Options**:
- **Option A: Members of Kingdom Planta**: This option is incorrect because not all the groups belong to the same kingdom. Fungi and filamentous algae belong to different kingdoms than mosses.

- **Option B: Mode of Nutrition**: This option is also incorrect. Multicellular fungi are heterotrophic, meaning they obtain food from external organic material. In contrast, filamentous algae are autotrophic (they produce their own food through photosynthesis), and mosses also perform photosynthesis. Therefore, the mode of nutrition is not common among them.

- **Option C: Multiplication by Fragmentation**: This option is correct. All three groups can reproduce asexually through fragmentation. In this process, the parent organism breaks into fragments, and each fragment can develop into a new individual. This is a common method of asexual reproduction among multicellular fungi, filamentous algae, and the protonema of mosses.

- **Option D: Diplontic Life Cycle**: This option is incorrect. Multicellular fungi typically exhibit a haplontic life cycle, where the haploid stage is dominant. Filamentous algae can have both haplontic and diplontic life cycles, and mosses also alternate between haploid and diploid stages. Therefore, this life cycle is not common to all three groups.

3. **Conclusion**: The correct answer is **Option C: Multiplication by Fragmentation**. This is the only characteristic that is common to multicellular fungi, filamentous algae, and the protonema of mosses.