In which of the following, gametophyte is not independent and free living ?

Options

A. Marchantia
B. Pteris
C. Pinus
D. Funaria

Answer

To determine which of the following options has a gametophyte that is not independent and free-living, we can analyze each option based on their classification in the plant kingdom.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Plant Groups**:
- **Bryophyta**: This group includes mosses and liverworts. In bryophytes, the gametophyte is the dominant stage and is independent and free-living.
- **Pteridophyta**: This group includes ferns. Similar to bryophytes, the gametophyte in pteridophytes is also independent and free-living.
- **Gymnosperms**: This group includes conifers and other seed-producing plants. In gymnosperms, the gametophyte is not independent; it is dependent on the sporophyte for nutrition and support.
- **Angiosperms**: This group includes flowering plants, where the gametophyte is also dependent.

2. **Analyze the Options**:
- **Option 1: Marchantia** - This belongs to bryophytes, where the gametophyte is independent. (Incorrect)
- **Option 2: Pteris** - This belongs to pteridophytes, where the gametophyte is also independent. (Incorrect)
- **Option 3: Pinus** - This belongs to gymnosperms, where the gametophyte is not independent and is dependent on the sporophyte. (Correct)
- **Option 4: Funeria** - This also belongs to bryophytes, where the gametophyte is independent. (Incorrect)

3. **Conclusion**:
Based on the analysis, the correct answer is **Option 3: Pinus**, as it is the only group listed where the gametophyte is not independent and free-living.

### Final Answer:
**Option 3: Pinus**