Conifers are adapted to tolerate extreme environmental conditons because of

Options

A. Broad hardy leaves
B. Superficial stomata
C. Thick cuticle
D. Presence of vessels.

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Conifers**: Conifers are a group of gymnosperms, which are plants that produce cones and have needle-like leaves. They are typically found in colder climates and are adapted to withstand extreme environmental conditions.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Broad Hardy Leaves**: This option is incorrect because conifers have needle-shaped leaves, not broad leaves.
- **Superficial Stomata**: This is also incorrect. Conifers have sunken stomata, which are not exposed on the leaf surface. This adaptation helps reduce water loss.
- **Thick Cuticle**: This is the correct option. Conifers have a thick, waxy cuticle that helps prevent water loss and protects against harsh environmental conditions.
- **Presence of Vessels**: This option is incorrect because conifers do not have vessels; vessels are characteristic of angiosperms (flowering plants).

3. **Conclusion**: The adaptation that allows conifers to tolerate extreme environmental conditions is the presence of a **thick cuticle**. This thick cuticle, along with sunken stomata, helps in minimizing water loss and protects the plant from cold and harsh climates.

4. **Additional Explanation**: The thick cuticle is made of waxy substances that provide a barrier against water loss. Additionally, the sclerenchyma cells in conifer leaves provide structural support and protection to the underlying mesophyll cells, which are involved in photosynthesis.

5. **Final Answer**: The correct answer is **thick cuticle**.