Organs of excretion and osmoregulation in Platyhelminthes are

Options

A. Contractile vacuoles
B. Flame cells
C. Nephridia
D. Hepatic caecae

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks about the organs responsible for excretion and osmoregulation in Platyhelminthes, which are flatworms.

2. **Identifying the Options**: The options provided are:
- A) Contractile vacuole
- B) Flame cell
- C) Nephridia
- D) Hepatic ceca

3. **Analyzing Each Option**:
- **A) Contractile Vacuole**: This organ is primarily found in unicellular organisms and helps in maintaining water balance by expelling excess water. It is not specific to Platyhelminthes.
- **B) Flame Cell**: Flame cells are specialized excretory cells found in Platyhelminthes. They play a crucial role in osmoregulation and excretion by filtering waste materials and excess water from the body.
- **C) Nephridia**: Nephridia are excretory organs found in some invertebrates, functioning similarly to kidneys in vertebrates, but they are not the primary excretory organs in Platyhelminthes.
- **D) Hepatic Ceca**: Hepatic ceca are associated with digestion and are not involved in excretion or osmoregulation.

4. **Conclusion**: Based on the analysis, the correct answer is **B) Flame cell**, as it is specifically adapted for excretion and osmoregulation in Platyhelminthes.

### Final Answer:
The organs of excretion and osmoregulation in Platyhelminthes are **Flame Cells**.

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