By the reaction of `alpha`-ketoglutaric acid with ammonia, through which of the process glutmaic acid is formed

Options

A. oxidative amination
B. reductive amination
C. ammonification
D. transamination

Answer

To solve the question regarding the formation of glutamic acid from alpha-ketoglutaric acid and ammonia, we can break down the process step by step:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Reactants**: The reaction involves alpha-ketoglutaric acid and ammonia. Alpha-ketoglutaric acid is a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle and has a carbonyl group.

2. **Understanding the Process**: The process through which glutamic acid is formed from alpha-ketoglutaric acid and ammonia is known as **reductive amination**. This process involves the addition of an amine group to a carbonyl compound.

3. **Formation of Imine**: In reductive amination, the carbonyl group (C=O) of alpha-ketoglutaric acid reacts with ammonia (NH₃) to form an intermediate called an imine. This step involves the nucleophilic attack of ammonia on the carbonyl carbon, leading to the formation of the imine.

4. **Reduction to Amino Acid**: The imine intermediate is then reduced to form glutamic acid. This reduction typically requires a reducing agent, such as NADPH, which is often involved in biological systems.

5. **Final Product**: The final product of this reaction is glutamic acid, which is an important amino acid involved in protein synthesis and nitrogen metabolism in plants and animals.

6. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the correct process through which glutamic acid is formed from alpha-ketoglutaric acid and ammonia is **reductive amination**.

### Answer:
The process through which glutamic acid is formed from alpha-ketoglutaric acid and ammonia is **reductive amination**.

---