Normal Cardiac output is `:`

Options

A. 4 L/min
B. 5 L/min
C. 6.3 L/min
D. 7.3 L/min

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Cardiac Output**:
- Cardiac output (CO) is defined as the volume of blood that the heart pumps per minute. It is a crucial measure of heart function.

2. **Formula for Cardiac Output**:
- The formula for calculating cardiac output is:
\[ \text{Cardiac Output (CO)} = \text{Stroke Volume (SV)} \times \text{Heart Rate (HR)} \]

3. **Defining Stroke Volume**:
- Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle in one contraction. A typical stroke volume is approximately 70 ml.

4. **Defining Heart Rate**:
- Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats in one minute. A normal resting heart rate is typically around 70 to 75 beats per minute.

5. **Calculating Normal Cardiac Output**:
- Using the average values:
- Stroke Volume (SV) = 70 ml
- Heart Rate (HR) = 70 beats/minute
- Now, substituting these values into the formula:
\[ \text{CO} = 70 \, \text{ml/beat} \times 70 \, \text{beats/min} = 4900 \, \text{ml/min} = 4.9 \, \text{liters/min} \]
- This value can be rounded to approximately 5 liters/minute.

6. **Conclusion**:
- The normal cardiac output is approximately 5 liters per minute.

7. **Identifying the Correct Option**:
- Given the options:
- 4 liters/minute (incorrect)
- 5 liters/minute (correct)
- 6.3 liters/minute (incorrect)
- 7.3 liters/minute (incorrect)
- The correct answer is 5 liters/minute.

**Final Answer**: The normal cardiac output is **5 liters per minute**.

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