A 35-year-old female patient presents with weakness and spasticity in the left lower extremity, visual impairment and throbbing in her left eye. MRI confirms areas of demyelination in the anterior corpus callosum. Which of the following cells are specifically targeted in her condition ?

Options

A. Microglia
B. Oligodendrocytes
C. Astrocytes
D. Schwann cells

Answer

To solve the question regarding the specific cells targeted in the condition described, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Patient's Symptoms**: The patient is a 35-year-old female with weakness and spasticity in the left lower extremity, visual impairment, and throbbing in her left eye. These symptoms suggest a neurological issue, particularly affecting the central nervous system.

2. **Analyze the MRI Findings**: The MRI confirms areas of demyelination in the anterior corpus callosum. Demyelination refers to the loss of the myelin sheath, which is crucial for the proper functioning of nerve fibers.

3. **Define Myelin and Its Function**: Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers, facilitating the rapid transmission of electrical signals along the nerves.

4. **Identify the Role of Different Cells**:
- **Microglia**: These cells act as the immune defense in the central nervous system and are involved in removing damaged neurons, but they do not produce myelin.
- **Oligodendrocytes**: These cells are responsible for producing the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. Therefore, if there is demyelination, oligodendrocytes would be specifically targeted.
- **Astrocytes**: These cells provide support and maintain the blood-brain barrier but are not directly involved in myelin production.
- **Schwann Cells**: These cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system, not the central nervous system, and are not relevant to the demyelination in the corpus callosum.

5. **Conclusion**: Given the symptoms and the MRI findings, the cells specifically targeted in this condition are **oligodendrocytes**, as they are responsible for the production of myelin in the central nervous system.

### Final Answer:
The cells specifically targeted in her condition are **oligodendrocytes**.

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