Abnormal secondary growth is observed in

Options

A. Dracaena
B. Cordyline
C. Aloe
D. All of these

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Secondary Growth**:
- Secondary growth refers to the increase in thickness or girth of the plant, primarily through the activity of the vascular cambium, which produces secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem.

2. **Normal Secondary Growth**:
- This type of growth is typically observed in dicot plants, where the vascular cambium is active and produces both secondary xylem and phloem.

3. **Monocots and Secondary Growth**:
- In monocot plants, normal secondary growth is generally absent. Monocots do not have a vascular cambium, which is necessary for the production of secondary xylem and phloem.

4. **Abnormal or Anomalous Secondary Growth**:
- Some monocots exhibit what is known as abnormal or anomalous secondary growth. In this case, the growth does not follow the typical pattern seen in dicots, and secondary xylem and phloem may be absent or formed in a different manner.

5. **Examples of Monocots with Abnormal Secondary Growth**:
- The question lists several examples of monocots that exhibit abnormal secondary growth:
- **Graciana**
- **Cordyline**
- **Aloe**
- All these plants are known to show abnormal secondary growth.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Since all the options provided (Graciana, Cordyline, and Aloe) are monocots that exhibit abnormal secondary growth, the correct answer is that abnormal secondary growth is observed in all of these options.

### Final Answer:
- The correct answer is **option 4: All of these**.