Plasmodesmata connections help in movement of substances between cells. They form

Options

A. (a) apoplast
B. (b) symplast
C. (c) cytoplasmic streaming
D. (d) all of these

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Plasmodesmata:**
- Plasmodesmata are membrane-lined channels that traverse the plant cell wall. They connect the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells, allowing for communication and transport of substances between them.

2. **Types of Pathways:**
- There are two main pathways for the movement of substances in plants: the apoplastic pathway and the symplastic pathway.
- **Apoplastic Pathway:** This pathway involves the movement of water and solutes through the cell walls and intercellular spaces, without crossing any cell membranes. It does not involve plasmodesmata.
- **Symplastic Pathway:** This pathway involves the movement of water and solutes through the cytoplasm of cells, which is interconnected by plasmodesmata. This allows for direct transport between cells.

3. **Function of Plasmodesmata:**
- Plasmodesmata facilitate the symplastic pathway by allowing substances to move from one cell to another through the cytoplasm, thereby enabling the active absorption of water and nutrients.

4. **Conclusion:**
- Since plasmodesmata connections specifically help in the movement of substances between cells through the cytoplasm, they form the **symplastic pathway**.

**Final Answer:**
Plasmodesmata connections help in the movement of substances between cells. They form the **symplastic pathway**.

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