Organic substances such as sugars are translocated in the phloem. It can be demonstrated by

Options

A. defoliation
B. ringing the stem
C. root pressure
D. grafting

Answer

To demonstrate that organic substances such as sugars are translocated in the phloem, we can perform a simple experiment known as the girdling experiment. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Phloem Function**:
- Phloem is a type of vascular tissue in plants responsible for the transport of organic substances, particularly sugars produced during photosynthesis.

2. **Preparation for the Experiment**:
- Select a healthy tree or plant. Identify a section of the stem where you will perform the experiment.

3. **Girdling the Stem**:
- Carefully remove a ring of bark from the stem, ensuring that you cut deep enough to reach the phloem layer but not so deep that you damage the underlying xylem. This process is known as girdling.

4. **Observation Period**:
- Leave the plant undisturbed for several days to allow time for any changes to occur.

5. **Checking for Accumulation**:
- After a few days, observe the girdled area. You should notice that the area above the girdle has swollen. This swelling indicates the accumulation of sugars and other organic substances that cannot move past the girdled area.

6. **Conclusion**:
- The swelling in the girdled area demonstrates that the phloem is responsible for the transport of sugars from the leaves (where they are produced) to other parts of the plant. Since the phloem is interrupted by the girdling, the sugars accumulate above the girdle, confirming its role in translocation.