In lungs there is definite exchange of ions between RBC and plasma. Removal of `CO_(2)` from blood involves

Options

A. influx of CI into RBC
B. Efflusx of CI form plasma
C. Influx of `HCO_(3)` ions I RBC
D. Efflux of `HCO_(3)` ions from RBC

Answer

To answer the question regarding the removal of carbon dioxide from blood and the exchange of ions between red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma, we can break down the process into several steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Production of Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)**:
- Carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct of cellular metabolism in the tissues. It diffuses into the bloodstream.

2. **Dissolution in Blood**:
- Once in the blood, CO₂ dissolves in the plasma and enters red blood cells (RBCs).

3. **Formation of Carbonic Acid**:
- Inside the RBCs, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction between CO₂ and water (H₂O) to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃).

4. **Dissociation of Carbonic Acid**:
- Carbonic acid then dissociates into bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻) and hydrogen ions (H⁺). This reaction is reversible and helps in maintaining the pH balance in the blood.

5. **Transport of Ions**:
- The bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻) produced inside the RBCs diffuse out into the plasma. To maintain electrical neutrality, chloride ions (Cl⁻) from the plasma enter the RBCs. This exchange of bicarbonate and chloride ions is facilitated by a specific carrier protein known as the bicarbonate-chloride carrier.

6. **Chloride Shift**:
- This process of bicarbonate ions leaving the RBCs and chloride ions entering is known as the "chloride shift" or "Hamburger phenomenon." It helps in the efficient transport of CO₂ from tissues to the lungs.

7. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the removal of CO₂ from the blood involves the efflux of bicarbonate ions from the RBCs into the plasma and the influx of chloride ions into the RBCs.

### Final Answer:
The removal of CO₂ from blood involves the efflux of bicarbonate ions from RBCs and the influx of chloride ions into RBCs, a process known as the chloride shift.

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