Name the pulmonary disease in which alveolar surface area involved in gas exchange is drastically redsuced due to damage in the alveolar walls

Options

A. pleurisy
B. emphysema
C. pneumonia
D. asthma

Answer

To solve the question regarding the pulmonary disease in which the alveolar surface area involved in gas exchange is drastically reduced due to damage in the alveolar walls, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Question**: The question asks for a pulmonary disease characterized by a significant reduction in the alveolar surface area due to damage to the alveolar walls.

2. **Identify the Options**: The options provided are:
- a) Pleurisy
- b) Emphysema
- c) Pneumonia
- d) Asthma

3. **Analyze Each Option**:
- **Pleurisy**: This condition involves inflammation of the pleura, which is the membrane surrounding the lungs. It does not directly affect the alveolar walls or surface area.
- **Emphysema**: This is a chronic pulmonary condition characterized by the destruction of the alveolar walls, leading to a significant reduction in the surface area available for gas exchange. This matches the description in the question.
- **Pneumonia**: This is an infection that inflames the lungs and can fill the alveoli with fluid, but it does not primarily involve the destruction of alveolar walls.
- **Asthma**: This condition involves narrowing of the airways and increased mucus production, but it does not primarily affect the alveolar walls.

4. **Select the Correct Answer**: Based on the analysis, the disease that matches the description of reduced alveolar surface area due to damage in the alveolar walls is **Emphysema** (option b).

5. **Conclude**: Therefore, the correct answer to the question is **Emphysema**.