Name the chronic respiratory disorder caused mainly by cigarette smoking

Options

A. asthma
B. respiratory acidosis
C. respiratory alkalosis
D. emphysema

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks for a chronic respiratory disorder primarily caused by cigarette smoking.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option A: Asthma**: Asthma is characterized by narrowed airways, leading to difficulty in breathing, coughing, and wheezing. While it can be exacerbated by smoking, it is not primarily caused by it.
- **Option B: Respiratory Acidosis**: This condition occurs when the lungs cannot remove carbon dioxide effectively. It is a result of other respiratory issues rather than a chronic disorder caused by smoking.
- **Option C: Respiratory Alkalosis**: This condition is characterized by rapid breathing leading to low carbon dioxide levels. It is not a chronic disorder and is not directly caused by smoking.
- **Option D: Emphysema**: This is a chronic respiratory disorder that results from the destruction of alveoli, primarily due to the toxins found in cigarette smoke.

3. **Identifying the Correct Answer**: Based on the analysis, emphysema is the chronic respiratory disorder that is mainly caused by cigarette smoking.

4. **Conclusion**: The correct answer to the question is **Option D: Emphysema**.