Reason of diversity in living being is

Options

A. mutation
B. long term evolutionary changes
C. short term evolutionary changes
D. gradual changes

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Diversity**: The term "diversity" in living beings refers to the variety of species present in the ecosystem. This includes differences in genetic makeup, morphology, behavior, and ecological roles.

2. **Role of Evolution**: The primary reason for the diversity of living beings is evolution. Over long periods, species undergo changes through evolutionary processes, leading to the emergence of new species from ancestral forms.

3. **Mechanism of Evolution**: The process of evolution occurs through mechanisms such as natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. These mechanisms contribute to the gradual changes in species over time.

4. **Reproduction and Variation**: Reproduction plays a crucial role in evolution. During reproduction, variations occur due to genetic recombination and mutations. These variations are essential for natural selection to act upon.

5. **Long-term Changes**: Over extended periods, these variations can accumulate, leading to significant changes in a population, eventually resulting in the formation of new species. For example, the evolution of humans from Dryopithecus to Homo sapiens illustrates this gradual change.

6. **Misconceptions about Mutation**: While mutations can introduce new traits, they are often sudden and do not account for the vast diversity seen in living organisms. They are just one of many factors that contribute to evolution but do not solely explain diversity.

7. **Conclusion**: The diversity of living beings is primarily due to long-term evolutionary changes that occur through reproduction and the accumulation of variations over time.