Self pollination (autogamy) is obligatory in closed bisexual flowers (e.g., Commelina, Ground nut). It is known as

Options

A. cleistogamy
B. allogamy
C. geitonogamy
D. dicliny

Answer

To solve the question regarding self-pollination (autogamy) being obligatory in closed bisexual flowers, let's break down the concepts step by step:

### Step 1: Understand Self-Pollination
Self-pollination, also known as autogamy, occurs when pollen from the anther of a flower fertilizes the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant. This process ensures that the plant can reproduce without the need for pollen from a different individual.

**Hint:** Remember that self-pollination involves the same plant and flower.

### Step 2: Identify the Type of Flowers
The question specifies "closed bisexual flowers." These are flowers that contain both male (stamens) and female (pistils) reproductive structures and do not open to allow external pollinators access. This characteristic is crucial for ensuring self-pollination occurs.

**Hint:** Think about how closed flowers prevent cross-pollination.

### Step 3: Consider the Examples Given
The examples provided in the question are Commelina and Groundnut. Both of these plants exhibit self-pollination due to their flower structure, which supports the idea of autogamy in closed bisexual flowers.

**Hint:** Look at the reproductive strategies of Commelina and Groundnut.

### Step 4: Analyze the Options
The options given are:
- A) Calistogamy
- B) Allogamy
- C) Gatonogamy
- D) Declining

Among these options, we need to identify which term specifically refers to self-pollination in closed flowers.

**Hint:** Focus on the terminology related to self-pollination.

### Step 5: Identify the Correct Answer
The correct answer is **A) Calistogamy**. Calistogamy refers to a type of self-pollination that occurs in flowers that do not open, allowing for automatic self-pollination. This is seen in plants like Groundnut.

**Hint:** Recall that calistogamy is specifically linked to non-opening flowers.

### Final Answer
Self-pollination (autogamy) is obligatory in closed bisexual flowers (e.g., Commelina, Groundnut). It is known as **Calistogamy**.

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