A close mutualistic association between flower and pollinating agent is found in

Options

A. Yucca and Yucca moth (Pronuba)
B. Fig and Blastophaga wasp
C. Ophrys and male Colpa wasp
D. All of the above

Answer

To determine the close mutualistic association between flowers and their pollinating agents, we can analyze the options provided:

1. **Understanding Mutualistic Association**:
- Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where both species involved benefit from the interaction. In this case, we are looking at plants (flowers) and their pollinators.

2. **Analyzing Each Option**:
- **Option 1: Yucca and Yucca Moth**:
- The yucca plant relies on the yucca moth for pollination. The moth transfers pollen from one flower to another, facilitating reproduction. In return, the yucca plant provides nectar, which serves as food for the moth. This is a clear example of mutualism.

- **Option 2: Fig and Blastophaga Wasp**:
- The fig tree depends on the blastophaga wasp for pollination. The wasp enters the fig to lay its eggs and, while doing so, transfers pollen. The fig provides a habitat and food for the wasp larvae. This relationship is also mutualistic.

- **Option 3: Orpheus and Male Colpa Wasp**:
- In this case, the Orpheus plant benefits from the male Colpa wasp, which aids in pollination. The plant provides food for the wasp, creating another mutualistic relationship.

3. **Conclusion**:
- All three options (yucca and yucca moth, fig and blastophaga wasp, orpheus and male colpa wasp) demonstrate a close mutualistic association. Therefore, the correct answer is **Option 4: All of the above**.

### Final Answer:
The close mutualistic association between flower and pollinating agent is found in **all of the above** (yucca and yucca moth, fig and blastophaga wasp, orpheus and male colpa wasp).