Seed formation without fertilization in flowering plants involves the process of

Options

A. Budding
B. Somatic hybridisation
C. Apomixis
D. Sporulation

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks about the process of seed formation without fertilization in flowering plants. This means we are looking for a method of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of male and female gametes.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Budding**: This is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism. It does not involve seed formation or fertilization. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

- **Somatic Hybridization**: This process involves the fusion of somatic (non-reproductive) cells to create a hybrid cell. It is a laboratory technique and does not pertain to natural seed formation or fertilization. Thus, this option is also incorrect.

- **Apomixes**: This is a process where seeds are formed without fertilization. It is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction, allowing the formation of seeds without the fusion of gametes. This is the correct answer.

- **Sporulation**: This is a method of asexual reproduction where spores are produced. While it does involve reproduction, it does not relate to seed formation in flowering plants. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

3. **Conclusion**: After analyzing all the options, the correct answer is **apomixes**, as it directly refers to the formation of seeds without fertilization in flowering plants.

**Final Answer**: The process of seed formation without fertilization in flowering plants involves **apomixes**.

---