Which hormones is produced in women during pregnancy?

Options

A. human chorionic gonadotropin (hcG)
B. human placental lactogen (hpL)
C. Relaxin
D. All of above

Explanation

To answer the question "Which hormones are produced in women during pregnancy?", we can break down the solution into the following steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify Key Hormones Produced During Pregnancy**:
- The primary hormones produced during pregnancy include Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG), Human Placental Lactogen (HPL), and Relaxin.

2. **Explain Each Hormone**:
- **Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)**: This hormone is produced by the placenta shortly after implantation. It helps maintain the corpus luteum, which in turn produces progesterone to support the pregnancy.
- **Human Placental Lactogen (HPL)**: This hormone is also produced by the placenta. It plays a crucial role in regulating the metabolism of the mother and ensuring that the fetus receives adequate energy by breaking down fats.
- **Relaxin**: This hormone is responsible for relaxing the joints and ligaments in the pelvis, allowing for more space for the baby to pass through the birth canal during delivery.

3. **Determine the Correct Answer**:
- Since all three hormones (HCG, HPL, and Relaxin) are produced during pregnancy, the most appropriate answer to the question is "all of the above".

4. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the correct answer is option D: all of the above.