Modern theory of origin of life includes

Options

A. chemical evolution
B. biological evolution
C. both chemical and biological evolution
D. none of the above

Answer

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks about the modern theory of the origin of life, which is a significant topic in biology and evolution.

2. **Identifying the Options**: The options provided are:
- A) Chemical evolution
- B) Biological evolution
- C) Both chemical and biological evolution
- D) None of the above

3. **Exploring Major Theories of Origin of Life**:
- Theories of origin of life include various perspectives, such as:
- Theory of Special Creation: Life was created by a supernatural power.
- Theory of Spontaneous Generation: Life arose spontaneously from non-living matter.
- Theory of Catastrophism: Life originated through creation followed by catastrophic events.
- Theory of Panspermia: Life came to Earth from other planets in the form of spores.
- Theory of Eternity of Life: Life has no beginning or end, existing in a steady state.

4. **Focusing on the Modern Theory**:
- The modern theory of the origin of life, also known as the chemical theory or theory of primary abiogenesis, posits that life originated from non-living materials under the conditions present on primitive Earth.
- This theory suggests that chemical processes led to the formation of simple organic compounds, which eventually gave rise to more complex biological entities.

5. **Conclusion**: The modern theory encompasses both chemical and biological evolution, indicating that life developed through a series of chemical reactions that led to biological complexity.

6. **Final Answer**: Therefore, the correct option is C) Both chemical and biological evolution.

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