Replica plating experiment was conducted by

Options

A. Joshua Lederberg
B. R.A.Fisher
C. Esther Lederberg
D. (1) and (3)

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Scientists Involved**: The replica plating experiment was conducted by Joshua and Esther Edinburgh. They are known for their work in the field of evolutionary biology, particularly in studying natural selection.

2. **Understand the Purpose of the Experiment**: The main aim of the replica plating experiment was to study the genetic mutations and the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. This experiment helps in understanding how certain bacterial strains can survive antibiotic treatment.

3. **Describe the Methodology**: In the replica plating experiment, bacteria are grown into isolated colonies on a nutrient agar plate. The colonies are then transferred to a new plate using a cloth or a stamp, which picks up bacteria from the original plate and deposits them onto the new plate.

4. **Explain the Hypothesis**: The hypothesis underlying the experiment is that some bacterial strains can develop resistance to antibiotics. The experiment tests whether these resistant strains were already present in the population before the introduction of antibiotics or if they developed resistance due to exposure.

5. **Conclude with the Correct Answer**: Based on the information, the correct answer to the question is that the replica plating experiment was conducted by Joshua and Esther Edinburgh. Therefore, the correct option is 1 and 3.