The theory which explains the origin of life and is based upon experiments

Options

A. (a) chemical theory
B. (b) catastrophism
C. (c) abiogenesis
D. (d) biogenesis

Answer

To answer the question about the theory that explains the origin of life and is based on experiments, we will analyze each option provided.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks for a theory that explains the origin of life and is based on experimental evidence.

2. **Analyzing Option A - Chemical Theory**:
- The chemical theory suggests that life originated from chemical reactions.
- This theory is supported by experiments, such as the Miller-Urey experiment, which simulated early Earth conditions and produced organic compounds.
- **Conclusion**: This option could be a valid contender.

3. **Analyzing Option B - Catastrophism**:
- Catastrophism refers to sudden, short-lived, and often violent events that lead to mass extinctions and the emergence of new species.
- While it explains changes in biodiversity, it does not specifically address the origin of life through experimental evidence.
- **Conclusion**: This option is not suitable for the question.

4. **Analyzing Option C - Abiogenesis**:
- Abiogenesis posits that life arose from non-living matter through natural processes.
- This theory is supported by various experiments that demonstrate the formation of organic molecules from inorganic precursors.
- **Conclusion**: This option is also a strong candidate.

5. **Analyzing Option D - Biogenesis**:
- Biogenesis states that life arises from pre-existing life.
- This theory does not explain the origin of life from non-living materials and is not based on experimental evidence regarding the initial emergence of life.
- **Conclusion**: This option is not suitable.

6. **Final Decision**:
- After analyzing all options, the most appropriate theory that explains the origin of life and is based on experiments is **Abiogenesis**. The experiments conducted in this area support the idea that life can arise from non-living matter under certain conditions.

### Final Answer:
**The theory which explains the origin of life and is based upon experiments is Abiogenesis.**