Industrial melanism as observed in peppered moth proves that

Options

A. the melanic form of the moth has no selective advantage over lighter form in industrial area.
B. the higher form moth has no selective advantage either in polluted industrial area or non-polluted area.
C. melanism is a pollution- generated feature.
D. the true black melanic form arise by recurring random random mutation.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Industrial Melanism**: Industrial melanism refers to the phenomenon where darker-colored individuals of a species become more common in polluted areas due to natural selection. This is particularly observed in the peppered moth (Biston betularia).

2. **Historical Context**: During the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain, soot and pollution darkened the surfaces of trees and buildings. This environmental change created a selective pressure on the peppered moth population.

3. **Natural Selection**: In the polluted areas, the lighter-colored moths became more visible to predators against the darkened backgrounds, while the darker moths had a survival advantage. This led to an increase in the population of dark-colored moths.

4. **Random Mutation**: The dark coloration in the peppered moth is attributed to genetic mutations that occurred randomly. These mutations provided a selective advantage in polluted environments, allowing the darker moths to survive and reproduce more effectively than their lighter counterparts.

5. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Option 1**: Incorrect - The melanin form of the moth does have a selective advantage in polluted areas.
- **Option 2**: Incorrect - The darker moths do have a selective advantage in polluted areas.
- **Option 3**: Incorrect - Melanism is not solely a pollution-generated feature; it is a result of natural selection acting on existing genetic variations.
- **Option 4**: Correct - The true black melanin form arises from recurring random mutations that provide a survival advantage in specific environments.

6. **Conclusion**: The best answer to the question is that the true black melanin form arises by recurring random mutation, which is supported by the evidence of natural selection observed in the peppered moth during the Industrial Revolution.