Somachlonal variations are obtained through

Options

A. chemical mutagens
B. gamma rays
C. tissue culture
D. amphimixis

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Somaclonal Variation**: Somaclonal variations refer to genetic variations that occur in plants that have been regenerated from somatic cells through tissue culture. These variations can lead to new traits or characteristics in the plants.

2. **Identifying the Source of Variation**: The variations arise from changes in the genetic material of somatic cells. Somatic cells are non-reproductive cells, and when they are cultured, they can undergo mutations or changes that can be passed on to the progeny.

3. **Tissue Culture Process**: In tissue culture, somatic cells are isolated and cultured in a controlled environment. This process allows for the regeneration of plants from these cells. During this regeneration, genetic changes can occur, leading to somaclonal variations.

4. **Evaluating Other Options**:
- **Chemical Mutagens**: These are substances that cause mutations but are not specifically related to somaclonal variations.
- **Gamma Rays**: Similar to chemical mutagens, gamma rays can induce mutations but are not the method through which somaclonal variations are specifically obtained.
- **Amphimixes**: This refers to the fusion of male and female gametes in sexual reproduction, which is not related to somaclonal variations.

5. **Conclusion**: Somaclonal variations are specifically obtained through the process of tissue culture, where somatic cells are cultured and can exhibit genetic variations.

**Final Answer**: Somaclonal variations are obtained through tissue culture.

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