Somatic hybridization is a technique of:

Options

A. natural breeding
B. natural pollination
C. artificial pollination
D. somatic cells hybridization

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Somatic Hybridization**: Somatic hybridization is a technique used in plant biotechnology that involves the fusion of somatic cells (protoplasts) from two different plant species. This process allows for the creation of hybrids that combine traits from both parent plants.

2. **Isolation of Protoplasts**: The first step in somatic hybridization is the isolation of protoplasts. Protoplasts are plant cells that have had their cell walls removed, allowing for easier fusion. This can be achieved through enzymatic treatment.

3. **Fusion of Protoplasts**: After isolation, the next step is to fuse the protoplasts from the two different plant species. This can be done using various methods, such as chemical fusion (using agents like polyethylene glycol) or mechanical methods.

4. **Culturing the Fused Protoplasts**: Once the protoplasts are fused, they are cultured in a nutrient medium. This medium provides the necessary nutrients for the cells to grow and develop.

5. **Selection of Hybrids**: After culturing, the next step is to select the hybrids that have formed. This involves identifying the cells that have successfully fused and exhibit the desired traits from both parent plants.

6. **Regeneration of New Plants**: Finally, the selected hybrids are regenerated into new plants. This involves further culturing and growing the hybrid cells until they develop into mature plants.

**Conclusion**: The process of somatic hybridization allows for the creation of new plant varieties with desirable traits, making it a valuable technique in agricultural biotechnology.

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