Which of the following enhances or induces fusion of protoplasts

Options

A. polyethylene glycol and sodium nitrate
B. IAA and kinetin
C. IAA and gibberillins
D. sodium chloide and potassium chloride

Answer

To answer the question "Which of the following enhances or induces fusion of protoplasts?", we will analyze each option provided and identify the correct one.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Protoplast Fusion**:
- Protoplast fusion is a technique used in plant breeding to create new hybrids (cybrids) by fusing the protoplasts (the living part of a plant cell without the cell wall) of two different plant cells. This method increases genetic variability and can enhance traits in plants.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option 1: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sodium nitrate**:
- PEG is known to induce protoplast fusion by promoting adhesion between protoplasts. Sodium nitrate helps by aligning the lipoproteins in the membrane, facilitating fusion.
- **Option 2: IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) and kinetin**:
- IAA is a plant hormone that promotes growth and cell elongation, while kinetin is a cytokinin that promotes cell division. These hormones do not directly induce protoplast fusion.
- **Option 3: IAA and gibberellin**:
- Similar to option 2, IAA promotes growth, and gibberellin is involved in various growth processes. They do not induce protoplast fusion.
- **Option 4: Sodium chloride and potassium chloride**:
- These salts do not have a known role in enhancing protoplast fusion.

3. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the analysis, the correct answer is **Option 1: Polyethylene glycol and sodium nitrate**. These substances are specifically known to enhance or induce the fusion of protoplasts.

### Final Answer:
**The correct option is: Polyethylene glycol and sodium nitrate (Option 1).**