Industrial production of ethanol from which is brought about by a certain species of:

Options

A. Penicillin
B. Azotobacter
C. Saccharomyces
D. Lactobacillus

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks about the species responsible for the industrial production of ethanol.

2. **Analyzing the Options**: The options provided are:
- Penicillin
- Azotobacter
- Saccharomyces
- Lactobacillus

3. **Evaluating Each Option**:
- **Penicillin**: This is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial and fungal infections. It is not involved in ethanol production.
- **Azotobacter**: This is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. It does not play a role in ethanol production.
- **Saccharomyces**: Specifically, *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* is a yeast that is crucial for fermentation. It converts sugars into alcohol (ethanol) in the absence of oxygen, making it essential for the production of ethanol in the beverage industry.
- **Lactobacillus**: This bacterium is involved in the fermentation of milk, leading to curd formation. It does not produce ethanol.

4. **Identifying the Correct Answer**: Based on the evaluations, *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* is the species responsible for the industrial production of ethanol through fermentation.

5. **Conclusion**: The correct answer to the question is *Saccharomyces*.