Bacterial and fungal enzymes degrade the detrius into simple inorganic substances, this process is called

Options

A. leaching
B. catabolism
C. fragmentation
D. mineralisation

Answer

To solve the question regarding the process by which bacterial and fungal enzymes degrade detritus into simple inorganic substances, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Detritus**:
- Detritus refers to decomposing organic matter, which includes dead plants, animals, and other organic materials.

2. **Role of Bacteria and Fungi**:
- Bacteria and fungi are decomposers that play a crucial role in breaking down detritus. They secrete enzymes that help in the degradation of complex organic molecules.

3. **Identifying the Process**:
- The process of breaking down complex organic substances into simpler inorganic substances is essential for nutrient cycling in ecosystems.

4. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Leaching**: This refers to the loss of soluble substances from the soil, not directly related to the breakdown of detritus.
- **Catabolism**: This is a general term for the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, but it does not specifically refer to the conversion of organic matter into inorganic substances.
- **Fragmentation**: This involves breaking down larger structures into smaller pieces, often related to reproduction in some organisms, but not specifically to the conversion of organic matter.
- **Mineralization**: This is the process where organic compounds are converted into inorganic forms, making nutrients available for plants and other organisms.

5. **Conclusion**:
- The correct answer to the question is **Mineralization**, as it specifically refers to the conversion of organic detritus into simple inorganic substances through the action of bacterial and fungal enzymes.

### Final Answer:
The process is called **Mineralization**.

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