Which the following are most suitable indicators of `SO_(2)` pollution in the enviromnent ?

Options

A. Lichens
B. Conifers
C. Algae
D. Fungi

Answer

To determine the most suitable indicators of SO₂ (sulfur dioxide) pollution in the environment, we can analyze the options provided: lichens, carnivores, algae, and fungi.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding SO₂ Pollution**:
- Sulfur dioxide is a significant air pollutant that can have harmful effects on both the environment and human health. It is primarily produced from industrial processes, burning fossil fuels, and volcanic eruptions.

2. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Lichens**:
- Lichens are symbiotic organisms made up of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. They are sensitive to air quality and particularly to sulfur dioxide.
- They absorb nutrients and moisture directly from the air, making them excellent bioindicators of air pollution.
- Healthy lichens indicate clean air, while their absence or changes in their structure (from leafy to crusty) indicate pollution levels.

- **Carnivores**:
- Carnivores are animals that primarily eat other animals. They are not directly indicative of air quality or SO₂ levels.

- **Algae**:
- Algae are primarily aquatic organisms and are more indicative of water quality rather than air pollution. They do not specifically respond to SO₂ levels in the air.

- **Fungi**:
- While fungi are important decomposers in ecosystems, they do not specifically indicate SO₂ pollution in the same way lichens do.

3. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the analysis, the most suitable indicator of SO₂ pollution in the environment is **lichens**. They are sensitive to air quality and can reflect changes in pollution levels effectively.

### Final Answer:
The most suitable indicator of SO₂ pollution in the environment is **Lichens**.

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