Which one of the following options gives the correct categorization of animals according to the type of nitrogenous waste they give out?

Options

A. `{:(" A", " B" , " C"),("Ammonotelic ","Ureotelic", " Uricotelic"),("Pigeon,","Aquatic", " Cockroach,"),("Humans","Amphibia,", " Frog"),(" ","Lizards"," "):}`
B. `{: ("Frog,","Aquatic", " Cockroach,"),("Lizards","Amphibia,", " Pigeon"),(" ","Humans"," "):}`
C. `{: ("Aquatic" ,"Frog,", " Pigeon,"),("Amphibia","Humans", " Lizards,"),(" "," "," Cockroach "):}`
D. `{: ("Aquatic" ,"Cockroach,", " Frog,"),("Amphibia","Humans", " Pigeon,"),(" "," "," Lizards "):}`

Answer

To categorize animals according to the type of nitrogenous waste they excrete, we need to understand the three main types of nitrogenous waste: ammonotelic, ureotelic, and uricotelic. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the categorization:

### Step 1: Understand the Types of Nitrogenous Waste
- **Ammonotelic:** These organisms excrete ammonia as their primary nitrogenous waste. Ammonia is highly toxic and requires a large amount of water for its excretion. This mode is typically found in aquatic organisms.
- **Ureotelic:** These organisms excrete urea, which is less toxic than ammonia and requires less water for excretion. This mode is common in terrestrial animals and some aquatic animals.
- **Uricotelic:** These organisms excrete uric acid, which is the least toxic and least soluble in water. Uric acid can be stored in cells without causing toxicity and requires very little water for excretion. This mode is typical of terrestrial arthropods, birds, and reptiles.

### Step 2: Identify Examples of Each Type
- **Ammonotelic:** Examples include crustaceans, platyhelminthes, cnidarians, echinoderms, fish, tadpoles, and larvae of amphibians.
- **Ureotelic:** Examples include cartilaginous fish, some bony fish, adult amphibians (like frogs), and mammals (including humans).
- **Uricotelic:** Examples include terrestrial arthropods (like cockroaches), birds (like pigeons), and reptiles (like lizards and snakes).

### Step 3: Analyze the Options Given
1. **Option 1:** Pigeon and humans excrete ammonia. (Incorrect: Pigeons excrete uric acid, humans excrete urea.)
2. **Option 2:** Frog and lizards excrete ammonia. (Incorrect: Frogs excrete urea as adults, lizards excrete uric acid.)
3. **Option 3:** Aquatic amphibian excretes ammonia. (Correct: Tadpoles excrete ammonia.)
4. **Option 4:** Aquatic amphibian excretes ammonia, cockroach and humans excrete urea. (Incorrect: Cockroaches excrete uric acid.)

### Step 4: Determine the Correct Categorization
Based on the analysis, the correct categorization of nitrogenous waste excretion is:
- Aquatic amphibians (like tadpoles) excrete ammonia.
- Adult amphibians (like frogs) and humans excrete urea.
- Pigeons, lizards, and cockroaches excrete uric acid.

### Final Answer
The correct option is the one that states:
- Aquatic amphibians excrete ammonia, frogs and humans excrete urea, and pigeons, lizards, and cockroaches excrete uric acid.

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