Enzymes are required in traces because they

Options

A. have high turnover number
B. remain unused at the end of reaction and are reused
C. show cascade effect
D. all correct

Answer

To answer the question "Enzymes are required in traces because they," we need to analyze the options provided and understand the properties of enzymes. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Understand the Role of Enzymes
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body. They are typically proteins made up of amino acids and are crucial for various metabolic processes.

**Hint:** Remember that enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions, making them faster and more efficient.

### Step 2: Analyze the Options
The options given are:
1. Have high turnover number
2. Remain unused at the end of the reaction and are reused
3. Show cascade effect
4. All correct

### Step 3: Evaluate Each Option
- **High Turnover Number:** Enzymes can convert many substrate molecules into products in a short time. For example, if an enzyme can convert a substrate in 2 hours instead of 12 hours, it demonstrates a high turnover number.

**Hint:** Think of turnover number as how many reactions an enzyme can catalyze in a given time.

- **Remain Unused at the End of the Reaction and Are Reused:** Enzymes do not change during the reaction. After converting the substrate into products, they can return to their original state and catalyze more reactions.

**Hint:** Consider enzymes as reusable tools in a workshop; they don’t wear out after use.

- **Show Cascade Effect:** Enzymes can initiate a series of reactions where one enzyme can produce multiple products, and those products can further activate more reactions. This is known as a cascade effect.

**Hint:** Visualize a domino effect where one action leads to multiple subsequent actions.

### Step 4: Conclusion
Since all three statements about enzymes are true, the correct answer to the question is:
**All correct.**

### Final Answer
Enzymes are required in traces because they have a high turnover number, remain unused at the end of the reaction and are reused, and show a cascade effect. Therefore, the answer is **all correct.**