Enzymes get denatured (killed) due to

Options

A. sudden changes in pH
B. decrease in temperature
C. decrease in hydration
D. all of the above

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Enzymes and Active Sites:**
- Enzymes are biological catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions in living organisms. They have specific regions called active sites where substrates bind and are converted into products.

2. **Importance of Active Site Shape:**
- The active site has a specific shape that is complementary to the substrate. This shape is crucial for the enzyme's function. If the shape of the active site changes, the enzyme cannot effectively bind to the substrate, leading to a loss of function.

3. **What is Denaturation?**
- Denaturation refers to the process where the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme is altered, which affects its functionality. When an enzyme is denatured, it can no longer catalyze reactions.

4. **Causes of Enzyme Denaturation:**
- Several factors can lead to denaturation, including:
- **Change in pH:** Sudden changes in pH can disrupt the ionic and hydrogen bonds that maintain the enzyme's structure.
- **Temperature Changes:** While a decrease in temperature does not cause denaturation, an increase in temperature can lead to the unfolding of the enzyme structure.
- **Other Factors:** Certain chemicals or environmental conditions can also cause denaturation.

5. **Analyzing the Options:**
- **Option 1: Sudden change in pH** - This is correct as it can lead to denaturation.
- **Option 2: Decrease in temperature** - This is incorrect; it does not cause denaturation.
- **Option 3: Decrease in hydration** - This is also incorrect; it does not lead to denaturation.
- **Option 4: Aldehyde** - This is incorrect; aldehydes do not directly cause enzyme denaturation.

6. **Conclusion:**
- The correct answer is **Option 1: Sudden change in pH**.

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