Paired appendages are not found in

Options

A. hemichordates
B. urochordates
C. cephalochordates
D. all the these

Answer

To solve the question "Paired appendages are not found in," we need to analyze the options provided: hemichordates, urochordates, cephalochordates, and all of these.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Paired Appendages**:
- Paired appendages refer to limbs or structures that come in pairs, such as fins or legs, which are typically found in many chordates.

2. **Analyzing Hemichordates**:
- Hemichordates are marine invertebrates that are closely related to chordates. They do not possess paired appendages. Instead, they have a body divided into three parts: proboscis, collar, and trunk.

3. **Analyzing Urochordates**:
- Urochordates, also known as tunicates, are also marine invertebrates. They have a simple body structure and lack paired appendages. They possess a mouth, pharynx, and gill slits but do not have limbs.

4. **Analyzing Cephalochordates**:
- Cephalochordates, often referred to as lancelets, are small fish-like invertebrates. They possess a notochord and a dorsal hollow nerve cord but, like the previous groups, they do not have paired appendages.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Since all three groups (hemichordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates) do not have paired appendages, the correct answer to the question is option D: "all of these."

### Final Answer:
The correct option is D: all of these.

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