Hepatic portal system is present in

Options

A. all chordates
B. all vertebrates
C. both (1) & (2)
D. none of these

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Hepatic Portal System**:
- The hepatic portal system is a network of veins that connects the intestines to the liver. It is responsible for transporting blood from the digestive organs (like the intestines) to the liver.

2. **Significance of the Hepatic Portal System**:
- The primary function of this system is to deliver nutrient-rich blood from the intestines to the liver, where the blood undergoes detoxification and processing. The liver acts as a detoxifying gland, filtering out toxins and processing nutrients.

3. **Identifying the Organisms with the Hepatic Portal System**:
- The hepatic portal system is a characteristic feature of vertebrates, which belong to the phylum Chordata. This includes a wide range of animals such as fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

4. **Classifying the Options**:
- Given the options (caudates, vertebrates, both, or none), it is important to note that all vertebrates (which are a subset of caudates) possess the hepatic portal system.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the correct answer to the question "Hepatic portal system is present in" is **vertebrates**.