Dormancy of seeds may be due to

Options

A. impermeable hard seed coat
B. growth inhibitors in seed coat
C. immature embryo
D. any of the above

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Seed Dormancy**: Seed dormancy refers to a state in which seeds do not germinate even when environmental conditions are favorable (adequate water, oxygen, and optimal temperature).

2. **Identifying Causes of Dormancy**: The dormancy of seeds can be attributed to various factors. We need to analyze the provided options to understand which ones could be responsible for this phenomenon.

3. **Option Analysis**:
- **Option 1: Impermeable Hard Seed Coat**: A hard seed coat can prevent water and oxygen from reaching the embryo. If the seed coat is impermeable, the embryo cannot absorb the necessary moisture to initiate germination, leading to dormancy.

- **Option 2: Growth Inhibitors in Seed Coat**: Some seeds contain growth inhibitors that prevent germination. These substances can inhibit the growth processes necessary for the embryo to break out of the seed coat. The application of growth hormones can sometimes overcome this dormancy.

- **Option 3: Immature Embryo**: If the embryo within the seed is not fully developed, it may lack the capability to germinate. This immaturity can lead to a dormant state until the embryo matures sufficiently.

4. **Conclusion**: Since all three options can contribute to seed dormancy, the correct answer is "any of the above". Each of these factors can independently or collectively cause seeds to remain dormant despite favorable conditions.

**Final Answer**: Dormancy of seeds may be due to any of the above factors: impermeable hard seed coat, growth inhibitors in seed coat, or immature embryo.

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