Gymnosperms are also called soft wood spermatophytes because they lack

Options

A. Phloem fibres
B. Thick-walled tracheids
C. Xylem fibres
D. Cambium

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Gymnosperms**: Gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that include conifers. They are characterized by having seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary (unlike angiosperms).

2. **Definition of Softwood**: Gymnosperms are referred to as softwood spermatophytes. This term indicates that their wood is generally softer compared to hardwoods, which are produced by angiosperms.

3. **Role of Vascular Tissue**: In plants, there are two main types of vascular tissue: xylem and phloem. The xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals, while the phloem transports food (sucrose).

4. **Xylem Composition**: Xylem consists of various components, including tracheids and vessels. In angiosperms, vessels are present, which are large, thick-walled structures that contribute to the strength of the wood.

5. **Absence of Vessels in Gymnosperms**: Gymnosperms lack these vessel elements. Instead, they primarily have tracheids, which are narrower and do not provide the same level of structural support as vessels.

6. **Conclusion**: The absence of thick-walled vessels (or xylem fibers) in gymnosperms is what leads to their classification as softwood spermatophytes. This lack of structural strength is why they are softer compared to hardwoods from angiosperms.

7. **Final Answer**: Gymnosperms are called softwood spermatophytes because they lack xylem fibers.

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