In photosynthesis, light independent reactions take place at

Options

A. Thylakoid lumen
B. Photosystem I
C. Photosystem II
D. Stromal matrix

Answer

To answer the question regarding where light-independent reactions take place during photosynthesis, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand Photosynthesis**: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. It consists of two main stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions.

2. **Identify the Two Stages**:
- **Light-Dependent Reactions**: These occur in the presence of light and take place in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts. They involve the absorption of light, splitting of water molecules, and production of ATP and NADPH.
- **Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)**: These do not require light directly and use the ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

3. **Location of Light-Independent Reactions**: The light-independent reactions occur in the stroma of the chloroplasts. The stroma is the fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids, where the Calvin cycle takes place.

4. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the light-independent reactions take place in the stroma (or stromal matrix) of the chloroplasts.

### Final Answer:
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the **stroma** of the chloroplasts.

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