Go through the following statement
(i) Thoracic vertebrae have got foramina transversaia in their transverse processes.
(ii) Atlas permits up and down or nodding movement of skull on it.
(iii) The body of human vertebra is amphip latyan in nature.
(iv) Without exception, all mammals have seven cervical vertrae
Which of these are correct?

Options

A. (i),(ii), and (iii)
B. (ii) and (iii)
C. (ii),(iii),(iv)
D. (i),(iii),& (iv)

Answer

To determine which of the statements about vertebrae and their characteristics are correct, let's analyze each statement step by step:

### Step 1: Analyze Statement (i)
**Statement:** Thoracic vertebrae have got foramina transversaria in their transverse processes.

- **Explanation:** This statement is incorrect. The thoracic vertebrae do not have foramina transversaria; this feature is characteristic of cervical vertebrae (specifically, the first six cervical vertebrae). The thoracic vertebrae are primarily known for their articulation with the ribs and do not possess this feature.

### Step 2: Analyze Statement (ii)
**Statement:** Atlas permits up and down or nodding movement of skull on it.

- **Explanation:** This statement is correct. The atlas (C1 vertebra) is the first cervical vertebra and allows the nodding motion of the skull, which is the up and down movement. It supports the skull and allows for this type of movement due to its unique structure.

### Step 3: Analyze Statement (iii)
**Statement:** The body of human vertebra is amphiplatyan in nature.

- **Explanation:** This statement is also correct. Amphiplatyan refers to the shape of the vertebral body being flattened on both ends. In humans, the bodies of the vertebrae exhibit this characteristic, which contributes to the overall structure of the vertebral column.

### Step 4: Analyze Statement (iv)
**Statement:** Without exception, all mammals have seven cervical vertebrae.

- **Explanation:** This statement is incorrect. While most mammals, including humans, have seven cervical vertebrae, there are exceptions. For example, manatees and sloths have more than seven cervical vertebrae. Therefore, the statement is not universally true.

### Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- Statement (i) is incorrect.
- Statement (ii) is correct.
- Statement (iii) is correct.
- Statement (iv) is incorrect.

Thus, the correct statements are (ii) and (iii).

### Final Answer
The correct statements are (ii) and (iii).

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