Insulinoma is a common tumor or the endocrine pancreas that presents with excessive insulin secretion. Which of the following is an affect of insulinoma on the body ?

Options

A. Hyperglycemia
B. Low glycogen levels
C. Decreased protein synthesis
D. Increased rate of glycolysis

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Insulinoma**: Insulinoma is a tumor of the pancreas that results in excessive secretion of insulin. This affects the body's metabolism, particularly glucose regulation.

2. **Role of the Pancreas**: The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The endocrine part consists of clusters of cells known as the Islets of Langerhans, which contain different types of cells: alpha cells (which secrete glucagon), beta cells (which secrete insulin), and delta cells (which secrete somatostatin).

3. **Insulin Function**: Insulin is a peptide hormone that primarily lowers blood glucose levels. It does this by facilitating the conversion of glucose into glycogen, mainly in the liver. This process is crucial for regulating blood sugar levels.

4. **Effects of Excessive Insulin**: With excessive insulin secretion due to insulinoma, the following effects can be observed:
- **Hypoglycemia**: High levels of insulin lead to a significant decrease in blood glucose levels, resulting in hypoglycemia.
- **Increased Glycogen Synthesis**: More insulin promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen, increasing glycogen levels in the liver.
- **Protein Synthesis**: Insulin does not directly decrease protein synthesis; hence this option is not relevant.
- **Increased Glycolysis**: As insulin lowers blood glucose levels, the body may increase glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose) to produce energy, especially when glucose levels are critically low.

5. **Choosing the Correct Effect**: Among the options provided, the one that accurately describes the effect of insulinoma is the "increased rate of glycolysis." This is because, with excessive insulin, the body attempts to compensate for low blood glucose levels by breaking down glucose for energy.

### Final Answer:
The effect of insulinoma on the body is an **increased rate of glycolysis**.

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