Which of the following is wrong ?

Options

A. Lichen, an association of fungus and alga , is an example of mutualism.
B. Epiphytes , using other plants for support only and not for water or food, show commensalism.
C. Cattle and Egret association is an example of amensalism
D. Mutualism, protocooperation and commensalism are included under positive interactions.

Answer

To determine which of the following statements is wrong, let's analyze each option step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze the first statement
**Statement:** Lichen in association of fungus and alga is an example of mutualism.

- **Explanation:** Lichens are indeed a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae (or cyanobacteria). In this relationship, the algae provide food through photosynthesis, while the fungus offers protection and absorbs water and minerals. Since both partners benefit, this is a clear example of mutualism.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is correct.

### Step 2: Analyze the second statement
**Statement:** Epiphytes using other plants for support only and not for water or food show commensalism.

- **Explanation:** Epiphytes are plants that grow on other plants for physical support but do not take nutrients or water from them. They rely on moisture and nutrients from the air and rain. In this case, the host plant is not harmed or benefited, which aligns with the definition of commensalism (one organism benefits, and the other is neither helped nor harmed).
- **Conclusion:** This statement is correct.

### Step 3: Analyze the third statement
**Statement:** Cattle and egret association is an example of amensalism.

- **Explanation:** The relationship between cattle and egrets is a classic example of commensalism. Egrets feed on insects (like ticks) that are found on cattle. The cattle are not harmed by the presence of the egrets; rather, they benefit from the removal of pests. Amensalism, on the other hand, involves one organism being harmed while the other is unaffected, which does not apply here.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is incorrect.

### Step 4: Analyze the fourth statement
**Statement:** Mutualism, proto-cooperation, and commensalism are included under positive interactions.

- **Explanation:** Mutualism and proto-cooperation both involve interactions where at least one species benefits, and commensalism involves one species benefiting while the other is unaffected. All these interactions are considered positive interactions.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is correct.

### Final Conclusion
The wrong statement among the options is the third one: "Cattle and egret association is an example of amensalism."

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