Which of the following adaptations is likely to be observed in arid condition ?
(i) vertically hanging leaves
(ii) presence of salt glands
(iii) green fleshy stem
(iv) absence of vascular tissue, scarcely developed vascular tissue.

Options

A. (i) and (ii)
B. (ii) and (iv)
C. (i) and (iii)
D. (ii) and (iii)

Answer

To determine which adaptations are likely to be observed in arid conditions, we will analyze each option provided in the question:

1. **Vertically Hanging Leaves**:
- In arid conditions, plants (xerophytes) often have vertically hanging leaves. This adaptation helps reduce water loss by minimizing the surface area exposed to direct sunlight, thus avoiding excessive desiccation.
- **Conclusion**: This adaptation is likely observed in arid conditions.

2. **Presence of Salt Glands**:
- Salt glands are adaptations found in halophytes, which are plants that thrive in saline environments, not specifically in arid conditions. These glands help excrete excess salt from the plant.
- **Conclusion**: This adaptation is not likely observed in arid conditions.

3. **Green Fleshy Stem**:
- Xerophytes often have modified stems that are green and fleshy. This adaptation allows the plant to store water, which is crucial for survival in dry environments.
- **Conclusion**: This adaptation is likely observed in arid conditions.

4. **Absence of Vascular Tissue or Scarcely Developed Vascular Tissue**:
- Xerophytes have well-developed vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) that are essential for transporting water and nutrients. Therefore, the absence or scarcity of vascular tissue is not a characteristic of plants in arid conditions.
- **Conclusion**: This adaptation is not likely observed in arid conditions.

### Final Answer:
The adaptations likely to be observed in arid conditions are:
- (i) Vertically hanging leaves
- (iii) Green fleshy stem