During protein synthesis, a ribosome moves from 5' to 3' end of mRNA to recognise all condons. This movement of ribosome is called

Options

A. transformation
B. translocation
C. transposition
D. transduction

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Context**: During protein synthesis, ribosomes play a crucial role in translating mRNA into a polypeptide chain. The ribosome reads the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction, recognizing codons (three-nucleotide sequences) that correspond to specific amino acids.

2. **Movement of Ribosome**: As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, it shifts from one codon to the next. This movement is essential for the elongation of the polypeptide chain, as it allows the ribosome to bring in the appropriate tRNA molecules that carry the corresponding amino acids.

3. **Identifying the Term**: The specific term used to describe the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA is "translocation." This term refers to the process where the ribosome moves from one codon to the next, facilitating the addition of amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain.

4. **Eliminating Incorrect Options**:
- **Transformation**: This refers to the uptake of foreign DNA by a cell, which is unrelated to ribosome movement.
- **Transposition**: This involves the movement of DNA segments within the genome, not related to ribosome function.
- **Transduction**: This is a method of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria, involving viruses, and does not pertain to ribosome activity.

5. **Conclusion**: The correct answer to the question is "translocation," as it accurately describes the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA during protein synthesis.

**Final Answer**: The movement of the ribosome from the 5' to 3' end of mRNA during protein synthesis is called **translocation**.

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