[A]: Passive absorption of a substance oc- curs from its lower to higher chemical poten- tial across the membrane.
[R]: Active absorption occurs across a mem- brane from its higher to lower chemical po- tential i:e., along the concentration gradient

Options

A. If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
C. If A is true and R is false
D. If both A and R are false

Answer

To solve the question, we need to analyze the statements regarding passive and active absorption of substances across a membrane.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Passive Absorption**:
- Passive absorption refers to the movement of substances across a membrane without the use of energy (ATP).
- This process occurs from an area of higher chemical potential (or concentration) to an area of lower chemical potential (or concentration).
- Therefore, the statement "[A]: Passive absorption of a substance occurs from its lower to higher chemical potential across the membrane" is incorrect. Passive absorption actually occurs from higher to lower chemical potential.

2. **Understanding Active Absorption**:
- Active absorption, on the other hand, requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.
- This means that substances are transported from an area of lower chemical potential (or concentration) to an area of higher chemical potential (or concentration).
- The statement "[R]: Active absorption occurs across a membrane from its higher to lower chemical potential" is also incorrect. Active absorption occurs from lower to higher chemical potential.

3. **Conclusion**:
- Both statements [A] and [R] are incorrect.
- Therefore, the correct assessment of the statements is that both [A] and [R] are wrong.

### Final Answer:
Both [A] and [R] are incorrect.

---